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Updated: Jul 27, 2026
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Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
Published on: March 27, 2019
Individualized music--a different approach to the restraint issue
Linda M Janelli1, Genevieve W Kanski, Yow-Wu Bill Wu
1Department of Nursing, Nazareth College of Rochester, 4245 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
Summary
Music listening may reduce the need for physical restraints in geriatric patients. This pilot study found that hospitalized older adults exhibited more positive behaviors when listening to preferred music while out of restraints.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Nursing
- Patient Behavior Studies
- Restraint Alternatives
Background:
- Physical restraints are a concern for nurses caring for geriatric patients due to ethical and legal implications.
- Nurses express ambivalence regarding restraint use, citing patient freedom and lack of alternatives.
- This study investigates music as a potential alternative to physical restraints.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the effectiveness of preferred music as an alternative to physical restraints in hospitalized geriatric patients.
- To determine if listening to music while out of restraints leads to more positive patient behaviors.
Main Methods:
- A pilot study involving 40 medical-surgical patients (mean age 76.6 years) randomized into music (experimental) and no music (control) groups.
- The Restraint Music Response Instrument (RMRI) was used to measure positive and negative behaviors.
- A t test for equality of means compared behavioral differences across preintervention, intervention, and postintervention phases.
Main Results:
- A significant difference (p < .01) in behaviors was observed during the intervention phase.
- Patients in the music group demonstrated significantly more positive behaviors while out of restraints compared to the control group.
- Preferred music exposure was associated with improved patient behavior when not physically restrained.
Conclusions:
- Preferred music can be a viable alternative to physical restraints for hospitalized geriatric patients.
- Implementing music interventions may enhance patient well-being and reduce the need for restraint use.
- Further research is warranted to explore the broader application of music therapy in geriatric care settings.
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