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[Pertussis outbreak in a poorly immunized community].

Javier Segura del Pozo1, Juan Carlos Sanz Moreno, María Jesús Gascón Sancho

  • 1Servicio de Salud Pública del Area III. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. Spain. javier.segura@madrid.org

Medicina Clinica
|November 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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An outbreak of pertussis occurred in an under-vaccinated Gypsy community. Serological testing confirmed Bordetella pertussis as the cause, highlighting risks from incorrect vaccination in susceptible populations.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pertussis outbreaks can occur in communities with insufficient vaccination coverage.
  • Identifying clinical, serological, and epidemiological features is crucial for understanding disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a pertussis outbreak within an under-vaccinated Gypsy community.
  • To describe the clinical, serological, and epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Active case finding identified ten individuals with pertussis symptoms.
  • Paired serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgA against Bordetella pertussis antigens, including pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA).
  • Seroconversion was used as a diagnostic criterion, with logistic regression analyzing risk factors.

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Main Results:

  • The highest attack rate was observed in children aged 5-9 years.
  • Vaccination status varied, with 30% unvaccinated and 50% incorrectly vaccinated among cases.
  • Serological evidence of Bordetella pertussis infection was confirmed in several cases.

Conclusions:

  • Despite high overall pertussis vaccine coverage, pockets of susceptible populations exist due to incomplete or incorrect vaccination.
  • Serological findings strongly support Bordetella pertussis as the causative agent of this outbreak.
  • Targeted vaccination strategies are needed for under-vaccinated communities.