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Syphilitic abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Jeyakumar Williams1, Gopi Krishnan, Hema Devarajan

  • 1Government Rajaji Hospital, Tasildhar Nagar, Madurai, India.

AIDS Patient Care and Stds
|November 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a syphilitic aortic aneurysm in a 37-year-old male. The condition presented as upper abdominal pain and a pulsatile abdominal mass, highlighting a rare manifestation of syphilis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by *Treponema pallidum*, can lead to cardiovascular complications years after the primary infection.
  • Aortic aneurysms are a known, albeit uncommon, sequela of tertiary syphilis, often referred to as syphilitic aortitis.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of syphilis are crucial to prevent severe late-stage complications, including aortic involvement.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old male presented with significant upper abdominal pain.
  • A palpable, pulsatile mass was detected in the upper abdomen during physical examination.
  • Imaging studies confirmed the presence of an aortic aneurysm.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with a syphilitic aortic aneurysm, a rare presentation of tertiary syphilis.
  • The aneurysm's size and location were consistent with syphilitic aortitis.
  • Serological tests confirmed active or past *Treponema pallidum* infection.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering syphilitic aortitis in the differential diagnosis of aortic aneurysms, particularly in younger patients or those with risk factors for sexually transmitted infections.
  • Prompt recognition and management of syphilitic aortic aneurysms are essential to prevent catastrophic outcomes such as aortic dissection or rupture.
  • Public health initiatives focusing on syphilis screening and treatment remain vital for reducing the incidence of tertiary syphilitic complications.

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