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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Large-Area Intercalated Two-Dimensional Pb/Graphene Heterostructure as a Platform for Generating Spin-Orbit Torque.

Alexander Vera1,2, Boyang Zheng3,4, Wilson Yanez2,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park ,Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

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|August 5, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a scalable method to create ultrathin, air-stable lead (Pb) layers for spintronics. This advance enhances charge-to-spin conversion efficiency in novel electronic devices.

Keywords:
2D metalsFrenkel−Kontorovaconfinement heteroepitaxymonolayer Pbspintronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing efficient charge-to-spin conversion is crucial for next-generation spintronics.
  • Ultrathin heavy metal films are key components, but their synthesis and stability pose challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable platform for synthesizing air-stable ultrathin heavy metals.
  • To investigate the charge-to-spin conversion properties of synthesized materials.

Main Methods:

  • Confinement heteroepitaxy (CHet) was used to synthesize monolayer lead (Pb) under graphene on SiC.
  • Techniques including diffraction, spectroscopy, and microscopy characterized the Pb structure.
  • Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measured charge-to-spin conversion.

Main Results:

  • Air-stable, epitaxially registered monolayer Pb was successfully synthesized.
  • The Pb layer formed a hexagonal superstructure with ordered domain walls.
  • Graphene/Pb/ferromagnet heterostructures showed a 1.5× increase in effective field ratio, indicating enhanced charge-to-spin conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Confinement heteroepitaxy provides a scalable route to air-stable ultrathin heavy metals.
  • The synthesized graphene/Pb heterostructures exhibit promising properties for spintronic applications.