Surfactant-Derived Nitrogen-Bridged MoS₂/C Heterostructures for Robust Lithium-Ion Storage

Structural stability, ionic transport, and electronic conductivity are the major challenges of layered transition-metal dichalcogenide/carbon nanocomposites (LTMD/C) for lithium-ion storage. Herein, to address these challenges, a quaternary ammonium surfactant-mediated strategy is proposed to simultaneously construct porous MoS₂ architectures and in situ generate nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) layers chemically coupled to MoS₂ via interfacial Mo-N bridges. The resultant N-bridged MoS₂/C heterostructures (denoted as MoS₂-N-C) exhibit excellent structural robustness, expanded interlayer spacing, and improved charge-transfer kinetics. As an anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the optimized MoS₂-N-C₇₀₀ electrode delivers remarkable cycling stability (~ 100% capacity retention after 800 cycles at 0.5 A g^-1) and excellent rate capability. Moreover, lithium-ion supercapacitors (LISCs) based on the as-prepared MoS₂-N-C composite achieve an ultrahigh power density of 3500 W kg^-1, and excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles. The cycling performance in both LIBs and LISCs surpasses that of most previously reported MoS₂/C nanocomposites and conventional carbon-based anodes. This surfactant-derived interfacial bridging structure design offers a general platform for developing robust LTMD/C heterostructured electrodes for energy storage systems.