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Comparison between young males and females with acute myocardial infarction
Ricardo Augusto Slaibi Conti1, Maria Cecília Solimene, Protásio Lemos da Luz
1Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. rconti@uol.com.br
Insights
Young men and women have similar heart attack risk factors and heart function. However, females experienced delayed treatment and lower rates of thrombolysis and angioplasty, increasing reinfarction and death risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Medical Research
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) affects both young males and females.
- Understanding sex-based differences in AMI outcomes is crucial for targeted treatment.
- Previous studies suggest potential disparities in care and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare young males and females following acute myocardial infarction.
- To identify differences in risk factors, treatment, and outcomes between sexes.
- To determine factors associated with reinfarction and mortality in young AMI patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 236 patients (54 females, 182 males) post-AMI.
- Assessment of risk factors, treatment modalities, coronary artery obstruction, left ventricular ejection fraction, and complications.
- Logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of reinfarction and death.
Main Results:
- No significant sex differences in risk factors, coronary obstruction patterns, or left ventricular function.
- Females had longer delays from symptom onset to treatment (p=0.03).
- Females received thrombolysis (p=0.01) and angioplasty (p=0.03) less frequently than males.
- Female sex (OR=5.98) and diabetes (OR=14.52) were independent predictors of reinfarction and death.
Conclusions:
- Young males and females with AMI share similar baseline characteristics.
- Females experience treatment delays and reduced utilization of key interventions like thrombolysis and angioplasty.
- Female sex and diabetes are significant independent risk factors for adverse outcomes, including reinfarction and death, after AMI.
Objective:
To assess the differences between young males and females after acute myocardial infarction.
Methods:
We retrospectively studied 236 patients (54 females and 182 males) after acute myocardial infarction and during hospital stay assessed the following parameters: risk factors; the treatment used; the pattern of coronary artery obstruction; left ventricular ejection fraction; complications; and, using a logistic regression model, the factors related to the occurrence of reinfarction and death.
Results:
No significant difference was observed between the sexes in risk factors, pattern of coronary artery obstruction, and left ventricular function. The time interval between symptom onset and treatment was longer in females (p=0.03), who underwent thrombolysis (p=0.01) and angioplasty (p=0.03) less frequently than males did, but not myocardial revascularization. Female sex (OR = 5.98) and diabetes (OR = 14.52) were independent factors related to the occurrence of reinfarction and death.
Conclusion:
Young males and females after acute myocardial infarction did not differ in coronary risk factors, and clinical and hemodynamic characteristics. Females had their treatment started later, and they underwent chemical thrombolysis and angioplasty less frequently than males did. Female sex and diabetes were related to the occurrence of reinfarction and death.