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One-dimensional computational circulatory models: a scoping review.

Gabriella de Araujo Cunha Lima Nóbrega1, Stefano Garzon1,2, Pablo J Blanco3

  • 1Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
|April 22, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

One-dimensional (1D) computational models offer an efficient method for simulating the entire human circulatory system. Nonlinear and multiscale 1D models provide enhanced accuracy for complex conditions but require greater computational resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular research
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Computational modeling of the human circulatory system has advanced significantly.
  • One-dimensional (1D) models offer a balance between physiological accuracy and computational efficiency compared to more complex methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of studies utilizing 1D computational models of the entire circulatory system.
  • To compare these models, including those integrated with 0D and 3D components.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search for computational 1D models of the arterial tree.
  • Inclusion criteria: exclusive 1D modeling or integration with 0D/3D components.
  • Data extraction and analysis followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Main Results:

  • 19 studies were included, featuring 1D nonlinear, 1D linear, and multiscale (1D/0D/3D) models.
  • Nonlinear 1D models excelled in simulating large arteries and pathologies; linear models were suitable for small vessels.
  • Multiscale models improved local hemodynamic detail at a higher computational cost.

Conclusions:

  • 1D models are robust and efficient for global cardiovascular hemodynamics.
  • Nonlinear and multiscale models offer greater physiological detail but demand higher computational resources.
  • Model selection should balance fidelity with available computational capacity and research objectives.