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Related Concept Videos

Amnesia01:13

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Dissociative Amnesia01:21

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Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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[Developmental amnesias].

J Narbona1, N Crespo

  • 1Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jnarbona@unav.es

Revista De Neurologia
|November 26, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood amnesias, including selective autobiographical memory loss from hippocampal damage, are more common than previously thought. These developmental memory disorders require careful diagnosis to distinguish them from other conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Context:

  • Memory disorders in children are diverse and can stem from various etiologies.
  • Understanding childhood amnesia requires examining clinical and pathophysiological characteristics.
  • Permanent memory deficits in children are less frequently reported but significant.

Purpose:

  • To review the literature on the clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of memory disorders in childhood.
  • To highlight the spectrum of amnesias observed in pediatric populations.
  • To differentiate various causes and presentations of childhood amnesia.

Summary:

  • Early anoxic-ischemic bihippocampal injuries can lead to selective episodic memory impairment.
  • Psychological maltreatment or abuse may cause amnesia through damage to memory-supporting neuronal systems.
  • Severe epilepsy, viral encephalitis, Reye's syndrome, or tumors can result in profound amnesic deficits, sometimes with associated developmental issues.
  • Korsakoff's syndrome has been documented in children with specific neurological insults.

Impact:

  • Recognizes that all adult amnesia types occur in children, suggesting developmental amnesias are underrecognized.
  • Emphasizes the importance of identifying selective autobiographical memory impairments following perinatal or early postnatal hippocampal damage.
  • Stresses the need to differentiate these specific memory deficits from conditions like attention deficit disorder or semantic pragmatic disorder for accurate diagnosis and management.