Use of an intermediary in total joint replacement: hydroxy-apatite ceramic

More than 30 years ago John Charnley and others created total hip replacement. The problems they faced were formidable. Two major problems dominated the scene: namely fixation and wear. Fifty years ago Austin Moore devised a new replacement for aged patients with fractured neck of the femora, but he did not achieve total fixation, nor was this necessary in the ambience of the patient's functional demands.