[Rate-responsive pacemaker concept: parametric system identification]
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Updated: Sep 28, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
Published on: February 17, 2018
M Hexamer1, C Drewes, J Weckmüller
1Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Technik, Medizinische Fakultät, St. Josef-Hospital, Universitätsklinik Ruhr-Universität, MA 4/63, 44780 Bochum. hexamer@biomed.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
Abstract:
The focus of this paper is the design of a rate-responsive pacemaker which uses the atrio-ventricular conduction time (AVCT) as an exertion related sensor signal. AVCT can be easily obtained from an intracardial electrogram. During atrial pacing AVCT shortens with exercise but increases with the stimulation rate. Hence, an AVCT based pacemaker always establishes a closed-loop system. General design rules for an AVCT pacemaker have been developed from our experimental results and a system-theoretical treatment. Topics addressed were the controller gain, uncertainties concerning the dynamics of the AVCT, the attenuation of disturbances, the closed-loop bandwidth and stability.
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