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Sources of dietary fat in middle schools
Michelle M Zive1, John P Elder, Judith J Prochaska
1University of California, San Diego, Community Pediatrics Division, La Jolla 92093, USA. mzive@ucsd.edu
Background:
The current study uses an ecological approach to describe the food environment at 24 middle schools and multiple food sources' dietary fat contribution.
Methods:
Five consecutive days were sampled for collection of school meals, a la carte, and student store data. Bag lunch contents were observed on 3 days. Measurement included grams of saturated and total fat plus sales or participation data.
Results:
Average total fat grams per meal were 21 g (SD = 2) for bag lunches, 14 g (SD = 5) for Type A breakfast, and 31 g (SD = 8) for Type A lunches. Average fat grams per item were 13 g (SD = 3) for a la carte and 6 g (SD = 2) for student stores. Students purchased or brought to school a mean of 26 g (SD = 3) of total and 8 g (SD = 1) of saturated fat. Contributions to total fat grams were 42% by Type A lunches, 27% by a la carte foods, 25% by bag lunches, 3% by Type A breakfast, and 2% by student stores. Findings for saturated fat were similar.
Conclusions:
Middle school students eat excessive amounts of fat at school, and multiple sources of food must be considered to understand the school food environment.