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Updated: Sep 28, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 2, 2021
Developing a consensus classification system for acute renal failure
John A Kellum1, Nathan Levin, Catherine Bouman
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Kellumja@ccm.upmc.edu
Abstract:
A biochemical definition and classification system for acute renal dysfunction is long overdue. Its absence has impeded progress in clinical and even basic research concerning a syndrome associated with mortality rates of 30 to 80%. No definition of acute renal dysfunction will be perfect, but the absence of a definition or, worse, more than 35 separate definitions, as found in the literature, is unacceptable. Many of the challenges, considerations, and controversies associated with achieving consensus and developing a classification for acute renal dysfunction are addressed. Recommendations for validating a classification system are also considered.
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