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Nucleomorphs: enslaved algal nuclei.

T Cavalier-Smith1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|November 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Nucleomorphs are relict nuclei from ancient algae enslaved by hosts. Their genome sequencing reveals eukaryote-eukaryote chimeras and informs the evolution of Chromista and related organisms.

Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Cell biology
  • * Genomics

Background:

  • * Nucleomorphs represent miniaturized nuclei of endosymbiotic algae within cryptomonads and chlorarachneans.
  • * These algae were enslaved by eukaryote hosts over 500 million years ago, leading to secondary endosymbiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To sequence and analyze the genome of a cryptomonad nucleomorph.
  • * To understand the evolutionary implications of secondary endosymbiosis and nucleomorph genome reduction.

Main Methods:

  • * Whole-genome sequencing of a cryptomonad nucleomorph (551 kb).
  • * Comparative genomic analysis of nucleomorph sequences.

Main Results:

  • * Cryptomonad nucleomorph genome confirms cryptomonads as eukaryote-eukaryote chimeras.

Related Experiment Videos

  • * Reveals insights into the symbiogenesis creating the kingdom Chromista and alveolate relatives.
  • * Genomic streamlining in chlorarachnean nucleomorphs is constrained by intron removal difficulty.

    • Conclusions:

    • * Nucleomorphs provide evidence for dramatic genome size reduction through selection.
    • * Most non-coding nuclear DNA may have cell-volume-dependent functions.
    • * Nucleomorph membranes might be more stable than genomes post-symbiogenesis.