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Thallium in terrestrial environments--occurrence and effects.

Martina Heim1, Olaf Wappelhorst, Bernd Markert

  • 1International Graduate School Zittau, Germany. olaf.wappelhorst@web.de

Ecotoxicology (London, England)
|December 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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This study measured thallium in soil and mosses in the EuroRegion Neisse, finding low levels but a correlation between thallium and circulatory diseases in humans. Thallium showed higher toxicity than cadmium in environmental bioassays.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Thallium (Tl) is a toxic heavy metal with potential environmental and health impacts.
  • Understanding thallium distribution and effects is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze thallium content and distribution in soil and plants within the EuroRegion Neisse.
  • To investigate the effects of thallium on human health and the terrestrial environment.

Main Methods:

  • Soil and moss (Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum formosum) sampling and thallium content analysis.
  • Epidemiological study correlating moss thallium levels with human circulatory disease incidence.
  • Terrestrial bioassays using invertebrates and plants in artificial soil to determine toxicity.

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Main Results:

  • Median top-soil thallium content was 0.5 mg/kg, indicating a low-contamination area.
  • Mosses showed low thallium concentrations (e.g., Pleurozium schreberi: 0.04-0.13 microg/g).
  • A significant positive correlation was observed between moss thallium levels and human circulatory disease incidence.
  • Thallium's Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) in bioassays ranged from 1 to 500 mg/kg, indicating toxicity up to 100 times higher than cadmium.

Conclusions:

  • Despite low environmental levels, thallium exposure is linked to adverse human health effects, specifically circulatory diseases.
  • Thallium exhibits significant toxicity to terrestrial organisms, exceeding that of cadmium.
  • Further monitoring and risk management strategies for thallium are warranted.