Future developments in endoscopic imaging

Flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy was introduced more than 30 years ago; this chapter will try to look into its future. Developments are expected in five different categories. We will see better with the use of high-resolution magnification endoscopy as well as by using other light-tissue interactions (such as spectroscopy). We will also be able to look just below the surface with laser-scanning microscopy and optical coherence tomography with a resolution of 1 microm (in vivo histology). Computers will assist with the interpretation of what we see, and the availability of broadband networks all around the world will allow real-time consultation globally. Invisible areas of the gastrointestinal tract will be seen with the help of improved endoscopy capsules and virtual endoscopy. Finally, we will treat endoscopically, with the help of new instruments and accessories, more of the lesions that we see.