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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Transforming, Genome Editing and Phenotyping the Nitrogen-fixing Tropical Cannabaceae Tree Parasponia andersonii
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Movement disorders in the tropics.

Ajit Kumar1

  • 1Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Purdy Pavilion, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Canada V6T 2B5. ajitkuma@interchange.ubc.ca

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|December 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tropical regions present unique movement disorders due to distinct environmental factors and infections like Japanese encephalitis. These conditions, alongside nutritional deficiencies and genetic disorders, differ from those in Western nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Movement disorders exhibit distinct patterns in tropical regions compared to industrialized Western nations.
  • Unique environmental and population characteristics contribute to these differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of movement disorders prevalent in tropical regions.
  • To discuss the etiologies, including infectious, nutritional, toxic, and genetic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of movement disorders in tropical settings.
  • Discussion of specific infectious agents (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, malaria, HIV).
  • Examination of nutritional deficiencies (e.g., infantile tremor syndrome) and toxic exposures (manganese neurotoxicity).

Main Results:

  • Infectious diseases like tuberculous meningitis, typhoid fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, and cysticercosis are common causes of movement disorders in the tropics.
  • Nutritional deficiencies (infantile tremor syndrome, seasonal ataxia, tropical ataxic neuropathy) and manganese neurotoxicity are significant etiologies.
  • Ubiquitous disorders (Parkinson's disease) and genetic disorders (Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration) also present unique characteristics in tropical populations.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of movement disorders in the tropics is diverse, encompassing infections, nutritional deficits, toxins, and genetic predispositions.
  • Understanding these specific regional factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of movement disorders globally.