Studies on the hydrogen bonding of aniline's derivatives by FT-IR

The hydrogen bonding of 23 aniline's derivatives in various solvents and in solid states are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Infrared absorption of their amino group is greatly influenced by solvents. Compared with those data determined in hexane, the symmetric stretching frequency (nu(s)) and asymmetric stretching frequency (nu(as)) of amino group have an obvious bathochromic shift in benzene, but a relatively smaller shift in CCl4. It is also found that the concentration of these compounds has very little effect on the frequencies, the band shapes and relative absorption intensities of amino group. This indicates that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are very weak between the aniline's derivatives in the solution. The substituent of methyl (-CH3) has different electronic effects in organic solvents with various polarities. Methyl group behaves as an electron-donating functional group in hexane, however, it shows an electron-withdrawing effect in benzene. When methoxyl (CH3O-) is ortho-substituted, v(as) of amino group increases and nu(s) almost does not change. While methoxyl (CH3O-) is meta-substituted, v(as) of amino group increases, but nu(s) decreases. The groups of chloro- (Cl-) and nitro- (-NO2) cause a hyposochromic shift of the nu(as) and nu(s) of amino group, while substituent of -NH2 makes a bathochromic shift. The solvents influence the relative intensities of nu(as) and nu(s) of amino group more greatly than the substituents do. In solid states, the amino group of aniline's derivatives has more than two absorption bands because of forming the inter- or intra-molecular hydrogen bonds.