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Related Concept Videos

Continuing Care01:25

Continuing Care

Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods01:28

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (PHP) with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver
09:02

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (PHP) with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

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[Continuous subcutaneous infusion in palliative care, an undervalued method].

R J van Marum1, E M de Vogel, Z Zylicz

  • 1Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, locatie Dordwijk, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Dordrecht. rvmarum@knmg.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|December 17, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI) effectively managed symptoms in three terminally ill patients. This reliable and easy-to-learn method offers a patient-centered approach to palliative care.

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Terminal illness often presents complex symptoms requiring effective management.
  • Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients with life-limiting conditions.
  • Medication administration in palliative care must be safe, effective, and minimally burdensome.

Observation:

  • Three patients with terminal disease experienced symptoms such as pain, agitation, and nausea.
  • Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI) was administered to these patients for symptom control.
  • The CSI technique was successfully implemented in a hospital setting.

Findings:

  • Continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSI) proved effective in controlling symptoms in all three patients.
  • CSI is a reliable and easy-to-learn alternative to intravenous infusion.
  • Fewer complications were observed with CSI compared to intravenous infusion.

Implications:

  • CSI is a valuable technique for palliative care, suitable for hospitals, general practice, and nursing homes.
  • The ease of use and reliability of CSI make it ideal for patients unable to swallow medication.
  • CSI facilitates safe administration of common palliative care medications, reducing patient burden.