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Related Experiment Videos

Enzyme-based CO2 capture for advanced life support.

Jijun Ge1, Robert M Cowan, Chingkuang Tu

  • 1Sapient's Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Life Support & Biosphere Science : International Journal of Earth Space
|December 17, 2002
PubMed
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A novel enzyme-based bioreactor effectively captures carbon dioxide (CO2) in confined spaces. This technology significantly reduces CO2 transport resistance, offering a promising solution for air quality control in environments like spacecraft.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) poses significant health risks in enclosed environments.
  • Effective CO2 control is crucial for life support systems in spacecraft, submarines, and aircraft.
  • Existing CO2 removal methods may have limitations in efficiency or require consumables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel enzyme-based contained liquid membrane bioreactor for efficient CO2 capture.
  • To assess the impact of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 transport resistance.
  • To investigate the performance of the bioreactor under realistic conditions, including the presence of volatile organic compounds and alternative sweep methods.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an enzyme-based contained liquid membrane bioreactor.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantification of CO2 transport resistance across the liquid layer.
  • Assessment of carbonic anhydrase's effect on transport resistance.
  • Testing the bioreactor's tolerance to volatile organic compounds.
  • Evaluation of an alternative sweep method using bypass gas and vacuum pressure.
  • Measurement of CO2 selectivity over N2 and O2, and CO2 permeance.

    • Main Results:

    • The liquid layer was identified as the primary resistance to CO2 transport.
    • Addition of carbonic anhydrase reduced transport resistance by 71%.
    • The bioreactor demonstrated stable operation for 1 day in the presence of expected volatile organic compounds.
    • An alternative sweep method using bypass gas and vacuum pressure (-85 kPa) achieved CO2 separation comparable to inert sweep gas.
    • High selectivity for CO2 over N2 (1400:1) and O2 (866:1) was observed.
    • CO2 permeance was measured at 1.44 x 10(-7) mol m-2 Pa-1 s-1.

    Conclusions:

    • The enzyme-based contained liquid membrane bioreactor is a highly effective technology for CO2 capture.
    • Carbonic anhydrase significantly enhances CO2 transport efficiency.
    • The system shows promise for NASA applications in controlling CO2 levels in crewed and plant growth chambers.
    • The developed alternative sweep method offers a consumable-free operation mode.