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Related Experiment Videos

Arcuate plan of chick midbrain development.

Timothy A Sanders1, Andrew Lumsden, Clifton W Ragsdale

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|December 18, 2002
PubMed
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The chick embryo

Area of Science:

  • Developmental neurobiology
  • Comparative neuroanatomy
  • Molecular neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuronal patterning in the spinal cord and hindbrain is understood, but rostral brain development remains unclear.
  • Early neuronal organization in the ventral midbrain is not well-defined.
  • Existing models of rostral brain development do not account for arcuate patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental structure of early neuronal patterning in the chick embryo's rostral brain.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular organization of the ventral midbrain.
  • To determine if arcuate patterning observed in the midbrain extends to other rostral brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry to identify neuronal cell columns.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Gene expression analysis for class III beta-tubulin, homeodomain transcription factors, and neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes.
  • Analysis of WNT and NOTCH ligand gene expression in progenitor cells.
  • Macroscopic observation of ventral midbrain surface morphology.
  • Examination of gene expression patterns of Drosophila gap gene homologs.

    • Main Results:

    • The ventral midbrain exhibits a regular, arcuate organization of neuronal cell columns (midbrain arcs) and progenitor cells.
    • WNT and NOTCH gene expression shows periodicities that align with underlying midbrain arcs.
    • Arcuate patterning is visible macroscopically as ridges on the ventricular surface.
    • This arcuate organization extends into the subthalamic tegmentum of the forebrain.
    • Gene expression patterns support a novel partitioning of the rostral brain into an arc-based neuraxial region and an anterodorsal cap.

    Conclusions:

    • A unifying plan of arcuate organization governs ventral midbrain morphogenesis and cell-type specification.
    • The chick rostral brain can be viewed as comprising an arc-organized neuraxial region and an anterodorsal cap.
    • This arcuate patterning provides a new framework for understanding early brain development and organization.