Overcoming spontaneous patterns of coordination during the acquisition of a complex balancing task

Learning in complex tasks is usually conceived as the problem of mastering the multiple and redundant degrees of freedom of the system. To reduce control requirements, two different strategies are conceivable. The first one consists of a "freezing-freeing" process for most articular joints to reduce the number of active biomechanical degrees of freedom to be managed. The second strategy consists of introducing rigid couplings between the oscillators building the system. In this case, learning implies the dissolution of initial couplings and the emergence of new, more task-specific couplings. The goal of our study was to analyze the spontaneous coordination of beginners and its development in a complex balancing task on a stabilometer, and to examine the emergence of these two strategies. Our results showed that beginners were characterized by strong couplings between the joints of the lower limbs. During learning, new and more task-specific couplings emerged that reflected a new organization of the trunk and a decoupling of some joints of the lower limbs that were initially coupled during the first few trials.