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[Malaria in Chile: 1913-2001].

Hugo Schenone1, Andrea Olea, Antonio Rojas

  • 1Unidad de Parasitología Norte. Facultad de Médicina, Universidad de Chile. Casilla 9183.Santiago, Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
|December 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Chile has been free of indigenous malaria since 1945. Imported malaria cases are monitored, with vector surveillance and control measures in place for Anopheles pseudopunctipennis.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Medical entomology
  • Public health

Context:

  • Malaria, historically endemic in Chile's I Region, was targeted by an extensive antimalaria campaign from 1937-1947.
  • Since April 1945, no autochthonous malaria cases have been reported in Chile.

Purpose:

  • To provide an updated overview of the malaria situation in Chile.
  • To assess the continued presence of malaria vectors and imported cases.

Summary:

  • Analysis of publications and Ministry of Health reports (1945-2001) revealed 24 published imported malaria cases (1945-1988) and 66 cases with 5 deaths (1980-2001).
  • Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, the sole vector, was detected in foci only in 1984, 1985, 1998, and 2001, prompting intensified surveillance and insecticide application.
  • Autochthonous malaria transmission has been absent since 1945, with current cases attributed to tourism and migration.

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Impact:

  • Chile maintains a malaria-free status through ongoing vector surveillance and control programs in at-risk areas.
  • The study highlights the importance of continued vigilance for imported malaria cases in previously endemic regions.