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Indian aerosols: present status.

A P Mitra1, C Sharma

  • 1National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS. Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110012, India. apmitra@csnpl.ren.nic.in

Chemosphere
|December 21, 2002
PubMed
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Aerosol pollution in India is rising due to development and human activities, impacting regional and global climate. High particulate matter concentrations in cities pose health risks, while acid rain is currently mitigated by soil dust.

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Aerosols significantly influence global climate and atmospheric processes.
  • Past research programs like MONEX, IMAP, and INDOEX have highlighted aerosol impacts.
  • Long-range transport of aerosols extends their influence beyond local scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the current status of aerosols in India.
  • To analyze the role of aerosols in regional and global environmental changes.
  • To assess the impact of aerosols on climate, monsoon, and hydrological cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research activities and findings from major atmospheric programs in India.
  • Analysis of aerosol concentrations, including carbonaceous aerosols and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

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  • Assessment of aerosol impacts on radiative forcing, monsoon, and air quality.

    • Main Results:

    • Aerosol effects are regional and global due to long-range transport.
    • Rising aerosol loading is linked to developmental and anthropogenic activities.
    • High carbonaceous aerosols observed over the Indian Ocean, impacting radiative forcing and monsoon.
    • Elevated SPM in Indian cities, but low NOx, limiting ozone formation.
    • Acid rain is currently not a significant issue due to neutralizing soil dust.

    Conclusions:

    • Aerosols play a critical role in India's atmospheric and climatic systems.
    • Increasing particulate matter concentrations in urban areas are a major health concern.
    • Further research is needed to understand and mitigate aerosol impacts on climate and health.