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[Head and neck lymph node lesions].

F I Chumakov, R I Khmeleva

    Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
    |December 28, 2002
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Enlarged lymph nodes (LN) in adults were often caused by tuberculosis, especially in women, and cancer. Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis using the Mantoux test proved unreliable.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pathology
    • Microbiology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Enlarged lymph nodes (LN) are a common clinical finding requiring accurate diagnosis.
    • Puncture cytology is a key diagnostic tool for evaluating LN abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the causes of enlarged lymph nodes diagnosed via puncture cytology.
    • To investigate the prevalence and diagnostic challenges of lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB).

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 134 patients undergoing puncture cytological diagnosis for enlarged lymph nodes.
    • Bacterioscopic examination of M. tuberculosis in puncture biopsies.
    • Evaluation of the Mantoux test's efficacy in diagnosing LNTB.

    Main Results:

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    • Nonspecific inflammation (38.6%), hyperplasia (26.3%), tuberculosis (18.5%), and cancer metastases (14.9%) were the primary causes of LN enlargement.
    • Lymph node tuberculosis was significantly more frequent in adult women (2/3 of LNTB cases) than in children (3.7%).
    • Bacterioscopic detection of M. tuberculosis was low (28.6%), and the Mantoux test was unreliable for peripheral LNTB diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Puncture cytology is crucial for diagnosing diverse causes of enlarged lymph nodes, including infections and malignancies.
    • Lymph node tuberculosis presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly in adult women, with limited utility of the Mantoux test.
    • Malignant tumors are a significant cause of enlarged parotid and supraclavicular lymph nodes.