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Chloroplast microsatellite polymorphisms in Vitis species
Rosa Arroyo-García1, Francois Lefort, María Teresa de Andrés
1Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain.
Genome
|December 28, 2002
Summary
Chloroplast microsatellite primers reveal genetic variation in Vitis species, showing maternal inheritance in grapevines. Different haplotype distributions suggest independent grapevine domestication events across the Mediterranean.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics
- Molecular biology
- Evolutionary biology
Background:
- Microsatellites are repetitive DNA sequences used as genetic markers.
- Chloroplast DNA is typically inherited maternally in many plant species.
- The genus Vitis, including grapevines, exhibits significant genetic diversity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic variation within the genus Vitis using chloroplast microsatellite primers.
- To confirm maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Vitis vinifera.
- To characterize chloroplast haplotypes in Spanish and Greek wine grape cultivars.
Main Methods:
- Testing 10 consensus chloroplast microsatellite primer pairs on four Vitis species.
- Analyzing length polymorphisms in amplified regions, primarily in A/T mononucleotide stretches.
- Typing chloroplast DNA from Vitis vinifera cultivars to determine haplotype frequencies.
Main Results:
- Three out of 10 primer pairs revealed polymorphisms within the genus Vitis.
- Polymorphisms were attributed to variable numbers of A/T residues in microsatellite regions.
- Maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA was confirmed in Vitis vinifera.
- Distinct chloroplast haplotype frequencies were observed in Spanish and Greek cultivars.
Conclusions:
- Chloroplast microsatellites are effective markers for studying genetic diversity in Vitis.
- Evidence suggests independent domestication events for grapevines in different Mediterranean regions.
- Understanding chloroplast DNA variation aids in grapevine breeding and conservation efforts.