Characterization of developing antler cartilage matrix, II, An ultrastructural study

Cartilage from the main beams and tines of deer antler was examined with the electron microscope. The material studied included prechondroblastic, chondroblastic and chondrocytic matrices. Exdysial microfibrils (5-10 nm in diameter) were observed in the matrix of the prechondroblastic zone. These microfibrils and associated amorphous material were continuous with electron-dense material that probably represented extracellular units of collagen polymers. Matrix (proteoglycan) granules were first observed in the chondroblastic zone. They stained positively with colloidal iron and therefore probably represented proteinpolysaccharides. The matrix granules of the chondroxytic (unmineralized and mineralized) zone were twice the diameter of those in the chondroblastic zone. Matrix vesicles were present in all three stages of development. They were in contact with cellular extensions and also arose directly from cell membranes in the immature zones. As in somatic mineralizing cartilage, these vesicles served as the foci for early mineralization. The initial mineralization process was associated with the membrane of the vesicles.