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The frontal arousal rhythm (FAR) is an ictal pattern: a case report

John R Hughes1

  • 1University of Illinois Medical Center, M/C 796, 912 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Clinical EEG (Electroencephalography)
|January 8, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Frontal Arousal Rhythm (FAR), typically seen in children, was observed in a patient with seizures. Subtle facial movements during FAR suggest it is an ictal pattern, not just a sign of seizure disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Frontal Arousal Rhythm (FAR) is a rare EEG pattern.
  • Typically observed in young children during sleep-wake transitions.
  • Previously considered a non-specific finding, sometimes associated with seizure disorders.

Observation:

  • A patient with a history of seizures presented with a rare Frontal Arousal Rhythm (FAR).
  • Subtle, sequential clinical changes were noted during the FAR pattern on video.
  • These changes included eyelid flutter, chewing, increased inspiration, and upper lip quivering.

Findings:

  • The observed clinical sequence during FAR was consistent across three separate episodes.
  • Each episode lasted between 6 and 10 seconds.
  • The findings challenge the traditional view of FAR as solely a sign of seizure disorder.

Implications:

  • This study suggests Frontal Arousal Rhythm (FAR) can represent an ictal pattern.
  • Re-evaluation of FAR's diagnostic significance in patients with epilepsy is warranted.
  • Further research is needed to understand the clinical correlates and prognostic value of FAR in epilepsy.

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