Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
Published on: October 19, 2011
[Central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis for stress response]
1Mental Health Center, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515063.
Abstract:
Stress reaction is an adaptive response of all living organism to stressful events and essential for their survival. The main feature of stress reaction is activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, central control of which is very complex. The hippocampus is involved in integration of sensory information, interpretation of environmental information, and execution of appropriate behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. The amygdala is an executor of stress behavioral, autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is responsible for initiating HPA axis stress reaction. The negative feedback regulation of stress hormones, local hypothalamic circuits and cytokines probably are involved in regulation of HPA activation.
Related Concept Videos
The Sympathetic Nervous System
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Physiological Foundation of Stress
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

