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Defining and classifying periodontitis: need for a paradigm shift?

Vibeke Baelum1, Rodrigo Lopez

  • 1Department of Community Oral Health and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. baelum@odont.au.dk

European Journal of Oral Sciences
|February 1, 2003
PubMed
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Current periodontitis classifications lack precision due to essentialistic definitions. A nominalistic approach is needed for a reliable classification system for periodontitis research and clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Dental Diagnostics

Background:

  • Numerous periodontitis classification proposals have emerged over the last two decades.
  • These classifications are based on an essentialistic disease concept, defining periodontitis as a link between causes and clinical signs/symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the existing essentialistic approach to periodontitis classification.
  • To advocate for a nominalistic approach to redefine periodontitis for improved diagnostic clarity and research consistency.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of disease definition and classification paradigms.
  • Review of the literature on periodontitis classification systems and their underlying philosophical assumptions.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Essentialistic definitions of periodontitis are imprecise, leading to interpretational variability and uncertainty about patient cohort homogeneity.
  • Periodontitis is a syndrome with variable clinical manifestations, lacking a singular diagnostic truth or a clear natural boundary between health and disease.

    • Conclusions:

    • A shift from essentialistic to nominalistic definitions is crucial for developing a rational periodontitis classification system.
    • A nominalistic framework will enhance the reliability of research findings and the clinical utility of periodontitis classifications.