Some common problems in the design and conduct of experiments in stuttering

This paper focuses upon and discusses some common problems in the design and conduct of various types of stuttering research. Apparent problems are dealt with under the following headings: (1) circular definitions of hypothetical constructs, (2) operational definitions of stuttering that lack denotative specificity, (3) research designs based on invalid assumptions about stuttering, and (4) omitted or inadequate measurement of speech rate in operant studies of stuttering. In each of these sections, a problem is identified and then some suggestions are offered for resolving it. This article pertains to research that underlies clinical management, and some implications for clinicians are drawn.