The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in depression

To examine the process and outcome of the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat depression.

The study was undertaken at an acute psychiatric assessment and treatment centre based in the community. The centre operates an open referral system. The study sample was taken from clients attending the centre for mental health assessment who were subsequently diagnosed with unipolar depression. The total sample of 38 clients were allocated to either a treatment group (n = 19) or waiting list control group (n = 19) matching for age, gender and social support. The treatment group was divided into four groups. Each of these groups received 12 sessions of CBT, derived from the procedures described by Beck et al (1979). Data from dysfunctional thought diaries and Beck depression inventory scores were analysed.

The results confirm those of previous outcome studies, that CBT is an effective treatment for depression. The results also indicate some interesting points relating to the expression of negative emotions as depression scores improve. It appeared that the expression of sadness preceded the expression of anger. Expression of sadness may be a precursor to expression of anger and necessary for recovery from depression.

The findings of this study indicate that dimensions of an individual's personality, such as perfectionism and sociotrophy, may be influential in determining the outcomes of CBT. Further research in this area is indicated.