Brain iron uptake and homeostatic mechanisms: an overview

Timely and adequate iron acquisition by the brain is essential to normal neurological function. Despite the numerous cognitive and neurological impairments that are associated with disruptions in brain iron acquisition, including both too much and too little iron, the mechanism and regulation of the mechanisms by which the brain acquires iron are poorly understood. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding expression of iron transport proteins in the brain, brain iron uptake and discuss why a model for brain iron uptake must take into consideration the potentially competing influences on the endothelial cell between the status of iron in the brain versus the systemic iron status.