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Life support approaches for Mars missions.

A E Drysdale1, M K Ewert, A J Hanford

  • 1The Boeing Company, KSC, FL 32815-0233, USA.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|February 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Physicochemical regeneration is generally the most cost-effective life support approach for Mars missions. Bioregeneration offers benefits for food, air, and water, especially for longer missions.

Area of Science:

  • Space exploration
  • Life support systems
  • Systems engineering

Background:

  • Developing sustainable life support systems is crucial for long-duration human space missions, particularly to Mars.
  • Evaluating different life support strategies requires a comprehensive cost-analysis framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate various life support approaches for Mars missions using the equivalent system mass (ESM) method.
  • To determine the most cost-effective life support strategy based on mission parameters and available technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the equivalent system mass (ESM) approach to quantify the total cost of life support systems in mass units.
  • Analyzed mission parameters including duration, environment, infrastructure costs, and crew size.
  • Assessed the characteristics of available life support technologies, including physicochemical and bioregenerative systems.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Center KSCNASA Discipline Life Support Systems

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Main Results:

  • The optimal life support approach is contingent upon specific mission parameters.
  • Physicochemical regeneration generally presents the lowest mission ESM for the evaluated scenarios.
  • Bioregeneration demonstrates increasing utility for food production (salad and staple crops) and comprehensive resource regeneration (food, air, water) for extended missions (e.g., decade-long).

Conclusions:

  • Physicochemical systems are typically the most mass-efficient for Mars missions.
  • Bioregenerative systems offer significant advantages for specific applications and durations, particularly for food production and long-term sustainability.
  • Further investigation into in situ resource utilization (ISRU) is recommended to enhance life support system efficiency.