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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Extraction of Cu and Pb from printed circuit board sludge using ammonia solutions
1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106, Chinese Taiwan.
Abstract:
Sludge from a printed circuit board factory containing high concentrations of Cu and Pb was characterized. Aqueous ammonia solutions were used to extract metals from the sludge. The extraction reactions were completed within 6 hrs. The best extraction efficiency was found at pH of 10.0. Higher solid-liquid ratio and higher ammonia concentration resulted in better extraction efficiency. Fractionation experiments showed that Cu and Pb were mainly extracted from the Fe-Mn oxide-bound and carbonate-bound fractions. Extracted sludge could meet the TCLP regulation limit and be categorized as a non-hazardous waste. Results show that ammonia extraction is of potential in resource recovery and in detoxification of hazardous waste.
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