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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

A thorough yet efficient exam identifies most problems in school athletes.

Peter J Carek¹, Arch G Mainous

¹Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29406, USA. carekpj@musc.edu

The Journal of Family Practice

|February 15, 2003

Summary

A thorough medical history and a brief musculoskeletal screening can identify most issues affecting athletic participation and injuries. Routine screenings do not require cardiac or extensive laboratory tests.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Preventive Healthcare

Background:

Pre-participation physical evaluations (PPE) are crucial for athlete safety.
Identifying potential health issues before sports participation can prevent serious injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the most effective components of a pre-participation physical evaluation for athletes.
To identify which tests are essential and which can be omitted from routine screenings.

Main Methods:

Reviewing the diagnostic yield of medical history from students and parents.
Assessing the effectiveness of a brief (90-second) screening musculoskeletal test for asymptomatic athletes.
Evaluating the necessity of noninvasive cardiac testing and various laboratory tests.

Main Results:

A comprehensive medical history identifies approximately 75% of problems impacting initial athletic participation.
A 90-second musculoskeletal screening detects 90% of significant injuries in asymptomatic athletes with no prior injury history.
Noninvasive cardiac testing and routine laboratory tests (urinalysis, blood count, chemistry profile, lipid profile, ferritin, spirometry) are not necessary for routine screenings.

Conclusions:

Pre-participation physical evaluations can be streamlined by focusing on medical history and a targeted musculoskeletal exam.
Omission of non-cardiac and non-laboratory tests simplifies the screening process without compromising athlete safety.
Efficient screening protocols enhance the detection of athletic health problems and injuries.