Oral lichen planus: causes, diagnosis and management

Area of Science:

• Oral medicine
• Dermatology
• Pathology

Background:

• Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition with unknown causes.
• It affects oral mucosa, presenting with varied clinical and histological features.
• A significant concern is the increased risk of oral cancer in OLP patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and histological features of OLP.
• To outline diagnostic processes, etiologies, and management strategies.
• To present potential mechanisms for increased oral cancer risk and emphasize the role of patient education.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical and histological features of OLP.
• Analysis of diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities.
• Discussion of oral cancer risk factors and preventive measures.

Main Results:

• OLP diagnosis requires clinical and histological evaluation, often needing specialist referral.
• Management aims to resolve lesions, manage symptoms, and mitigate oral cancer risk.
• Patient education is vital for improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing cancer risk.

Conclusions:

• Specialist referral is essential for accurate OLP diagnosis, risk assessment, and comprehensive management.
• Effective patient education can enhance treatment efficacy and lower oral cancer incidence in OLP patients.
• Ongoing monitoring and potential re-biopsy are necessary for long-term patient care.