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The perspective effect of wide-angle lenses in laparoscopes
M Wentink1, H Fischer, J Dankelman
1Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Design, Engineering, and Production, Man-Machine Systems, Delft, The Netherlands. m.wentink@wbmt.tudelt.nl
Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of perspective distortion of wide-angle lenses in laparoscopes on hand-eye coordination during endoscopic manipulation.
Methods:
Sixteen subjects repeatedly performed a standardized positioning task in a pelvi-trainer under two conditions. The subjects had no prior experience with endoscopic manipulation. In one condition, a wide-angle lens with considerable perspective distortion was used; in the other, a telephoto lens without perspective distortion was used. Task time and number of errors were measured.
Results:
Task time and the number of errors did not significantly increase in the condition with a wide-angle lens.
Conclusions:
The perspective effect did not influence task performance in endoscopic manipulation in this experiment. Subjects indicated that they even preferred the wide-angle lens because its extreme perspective improved their perception of depth.