Virtual-Reality Laparoscopic Simulation in Togo and Financial Barriers to Scale-Up

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Simulation
• Virtual Reality Technology

Background:

• Minimally invasive surgery training is limited in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Virtual reality (VR) is a crucial tool for modern surgical education.
• This study details the first VR laparoscopic simulation experience in Togo, a developing sub-Saharan nation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the feasibility of VR laparoscopic simulation training in Togo.
• To identify financial barriers hindering the dissemination of this technology.
• To evaluate participant reception and perceived benefits of VR simulation.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted.
• Two VR laparoscopic simulation workshops were held in Lomé, Togo, using the Virtamed LaparoS simulator.
• Participants rated standardized tasks and course design; feasibility was defined by successful workshop completion.

Main Results:

• 15 out of 18 practitioners responded (83.3% participation rate).
• 73.3% had a good overall impression; 93.3% endorsed mandatory integration into residency curricula.
• Key limitations included lack of funding, scarcity of laparoscopic equipment, and absence of local solutions.

Conclusions:

• VR laparoscopic simulation is feasible, well-accepted, and locally sustainable in Togo.
• Trainees view simulation as essential for surgical education.
• Scale-up is hindered by high costs, requiring public investment, partnerships, and affordable, adapted tools.