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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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Nucleosome assembly and remodeling.

T Ito1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. tito@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|February 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin assembly packages DNA in the cell nucleus, influencing DNA replication, repair, and gene expression. This review covers in vitro chromatin assembly mechanisms and structural changes linked to transcriptional activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin within the cell nucleus.
  • Chromatin structure is essential for genome organization and dynamic biological processes.
  • Chromatin assembly impacts fundamental cellular activities like DNA replication, repair, and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of chromatin assembly in vitro.
  • To explore how chromatin structure changes facilitate transcriptional activation.
  • To highlight the role of chromatin modification in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on in vitro chromatin assembly.
  • Analysis of studies investigating chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation.
  • Synthesis of findings on chromatin modification as a regulatory mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin assembly is a fundamental process affecting DNA processes.
  • Specific alterations in chromatin structure are crucial for facilitating transcription.
  • Chromatin modification serves as a key regulatory mechanism in gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding in vitro chromatin assembly provides insights into in vivo processes.
  • Dynamic changes in chromatin structure are intrinsically linked to transcriptional regulation.
  • Chromatin's role extends beyond genome packaging to active gene expression control.