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History of total knee replacement
1Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 130 East 77th Street, William Black Hall, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10021-1883, USA. Astrele01@aol.com
Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association
|February 25, 2003
Summary
The condylar knee replacement evolved significantly since the 1970s, with designs improving for severe deformities and ligament preservation. Modern total knee implants offer various types, with future innovations promising enhanced outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- The condylar knee concept emerged in the early 1970s, focusing on replacing tibiofemoral surfaces with cemented fixation.
- Early designs aimed to correct severe knee deformities, leading to both cruciate-ligament preserving and sacrificing approaches.
Observation:
- By 1974, patellofemoral joint replacement and cruciate ligament management became standard in total knee arthroplasty.
- Subsequent advancements introduced modularity, noncemented fixation, and universal instrumentation for condylar knee designs.
Findings:
- Currently, over 19 US companies offer three main types of total knee implants: cruciate-preserving, cruciate-substituting, and TC-III.
- Six major companies are developing mobile-bearing knee designs.
Implications:
- Future total knee replacement innovations include navigation-guided surgery and improved kinematics.
- Enhanced wear-resistant bearing surfaces and fixation methods are anticipated for better long-term outcomes.