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Updated: Sep 14, 2026

Extraction of Tissue Antigens for Functional Assays
Published on: September 10, 2012
Type 1 diabetes islet autoantibody markers
William E Winter1, Neil Harris, Desmond Schatz
1Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0275, USA. winter@pathology.ufl.edu
Abstract:
The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes versus other forms of diabetes such as type 2 diabetes is paramount to guiding proper therapy. Several islet autoantibodies have been identified that serve to diagnose immune-mediated, type 1a diabetes in clinically ambiguous cases. These autoantibodies also serve to predict type 1 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. The most useful islet autoantibodies include islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, and insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibodies. Once type 1 diabetes can be safely and reliably prevented, large-scale islet autoantibody screening programs of the general pediatric population may be warranted. It is controversial whether islet autoantibodies influence the course of type 1 diabetes following diagnosis.
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