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Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
15:35

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 20, 2010

Protein analysis on a proteomic scale.

Eric Phizicky1, Philippe I H Bastiaens, Heng Zhu

  • 1University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Box 712, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. eric_phizicky@urmc.rochester.edu

Nature
|March 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the complete set of proteins (proteome) is a major challenge. Generating and analyzing protein clones systematically is crucial for defining protein functions and interactions across cellular contexts.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Published on: June 20, 2010

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Defining the proteome, including protein identities, quantities, structures, and functions, is a significant long-term challenge.
  • Understanding how protein properties vary across different cellular contexts is essential for biological insight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a critical step towards achieving comprehensive proteome definition.
  • To highlight the utility of systematic, genome-wide analysis of protein expression sets.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of clone sets expressing representative proteins of a proteome.
  • Genome-wide analysis of these protein expression sets.
  • Application of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological technologies.

Main Results:

  • Enables systematic application of various biological technologies.
  • Facilitates the assignment of biochemical activities to proteins.
  • Supports the construction of protein arrays and identification of protein interactions.
  • Aids in the localization of proteins within cellular compartments.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic generation and analysis of protein expression clones are fundamental for advancing proteomics.
  • This approach provides a platform for comprehensive functional and interactional characterization of proteomes.
  • It paves the way for a deeper understanding of cellular protein behavior and organization.