[Osteoporosis as a lifestyle-related disease]

Although genetic factors determine the limits of peak bone mass, environmental factors can modify the outcome. Relation between lifestyle and osteoporosis is discussed, in terms of nutrition and habits. Significant link between calcium intake and bone mass has been reported. Although recommended daily allowance of calcium is 600 mg/day for adults, 850 mg/day or more shall be recommended later in life. Vitamin D insufficiency may lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly, the condition that facilitates bone loss. Other nutrients that affect bone turnover include vitamin K, vitamin C, protein, potassium, salt, magnesium and phosphorus. Too much intake of caffeine or alcohol, as well as smoking is a risk factor of osteoporosis. Mechanical loading on the skeleton increases bone mass, therefore weight-bearing activity is recommended to gain or preserve bone mass.