Issues and progress with protein kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment

Janet Dancey1, Edward A Sausville

  • 1Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, Room 7131, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. danceyj@ctep.nci.nih.gov

Insights

Protein kinases are key in cancer, driving development of over 30 kinase inhibitors now in clinical trials. This review covers crucial issues and strategies for developing effective cancer kinase inhibitors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Protein kinases play critical roles in cancer development and progression.
  • Targeting protein kinases with inhibitors is a major strategy in cancer therapy.
  • Over 30 kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials for various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical issues in developing kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming challenges in kinase inhibitor development.
  • To provide insights based on preclinical and clinical experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on kinase inhibitors.
  • Analysis of challenges in kinase inhibitor development.
  • Discussion of strategic approaches to address identified challenges.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key challenges in kinase inhibitor development, including resistance and specificity.
  • Exploration of strategies such as combination therapy and novel drug design.
  • Synthesis of insights from extensive preclinical and clinical data.

Conclusions:

  • Effective development of kinase inhibitors requires addressing significant challenges.
  • Strategic approaches are essential for optimizing the efficacy and safety of kinase inhibitors.
  • Continued research and clinical evaluation are vital for advancing kinase inhibitor-based cancer therapies.

Related Concept Videos

Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...