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Hierarchical categorization by bilingual Latino children: does a basic-level bias exist?

Valerie Malabonga1, Robert Pasnak

  • 1Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, DC 20016-1859, USA. valerie@cal.org

Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs
|April 3, 2003
PubMed
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Children find it difficult to categorize information at the superordinate level, even when perceptual similarities are equalized. This cognitive challenge persists regardless of language proficiency, impacting their ability to justify choices.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Children typically categorize information at the basic level due to perceptual similarities.
  • Previous research suggests a bias towards basic-level categorization in children.
  • The influence of perceptual similarity equalization on hierarchical categorization remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether children maintain a basic category bias when perceptual similarity is equalized across hierarchical levels.
  • To determine the cognitive nature of categorization difficulties at different hierarchical levels.
  • To examine the role of bilingualism and language competence in categorization tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two experiments with 71 bilingual Latino children (Spanish/English).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Equalized perceptual similarity across three hierarchical levels of stimuli.
  • Administered categorization tasks with varying levels of ambiguity and linguistic cues.

    • Main Results:

    • Children sorted stimuli from all three hierarchical levels equally well.
    • Justifying superordinate categorizations proved more challenging for children.
    • English language competence predicted performance on ambiguous tasks and verbal justifications.
    • Proficiency in either Spanish or English equally predicted sorting in well-defined tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • A cognitive deficiency in superordinate-level categorization persists even after controlling for perceptual differences.
    • Bilingualism's effect on categorization is influenced by achieving a threshold of proficiency in both languages.
    • Language competence, particularly in English, plays a significant role in justification and performance on ambiguous categorization tasks.