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Production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 after inactivated hepatitis A immunization
Mary S Hayney1, Jessica M Buck, Daniel Muller
1School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA. mshayney@pharmacy.wisc.edu
Study Objective:
To assess helper T cell function by measuring cytokine production over time after hepatitis A immunization.
Design:
Open-label, single-dose study.
Setting:
General clinical research center of a university hospital.
Subjects:
Twenty-five healthy adults.
Intervention:
Each subject was immunized with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine; blood was drawn on day 0 (the day of immunization) and days 2, 5, 7, 10, and 28 after immunization.
Measurements And Main Results:
Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in culture with hepatitis A virus was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of hepatitis A antibody were measured on day 28. Both IFN-gamma and IL-10 production peaked on day 10 after immunization (IFN-gamma day 0 median = 7.35 pg/ml, interquartile ratio [IQR] = 20.8 vs day 10 median = 22.35 pg/ml, IQR = 42.4, p < 0.05; IL-10 day 0 median = 1.00, IQR = 7.4 vs day 10 median = 11.75 pg/ml, IQR = 92.3, p < 0.02, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The IL-10:IFN-gamma ratio on day 10 correlated with antibody production (Pearson product moment correlation 0.46, p < 0.05). This ratio was used as a measure of helper T cell phenotype.
Conclusion:
Both IFN-gamma and IL-10 are produced in response to hepatitis A vaccine. The parallel production after immunization may contribute to the high efficacy of these vaccine preparations in inducing both cell-mediated immune response and a protective antibody response.