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Related Experiment Videos

Gene-environment interaction: a central concept in multifactorial diseases.

Laurence Tiret1

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U525, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex, France. tiret@idf.inserm.fr

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|April 15, 2003
PubMed
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Common genetic variations (polymorphisms) influence multifactorial diseases by interacting with environmental factors. Understanding these gene-environment interactions is crucial for disease pathogenesis, particularly in coronary heart disease (CHD).

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health
  • Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Multifactorial diseases result from complex interactions between common genetic variations (polymorphisms) and environmental factors.
  • Unlike monogenic diseases, susceptibility genes for common diseases often have modest individual effects but high population attributable risk due to their frequency.
  • Environmental factors can trigger or amplify the phenotypic expression of genetic susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of gene-environment interactions in multifactorial diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these interactions for disease pathogenesis.
  • To present three specific examples of gene-environment interactions in coronary heart disease (CHD).

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on gene-environment interactions.
  • Analysis of common genetic polymorphisms and their influence on disease susceptibility.
  • Examination of how environmental factors modulate genetic predisposition.

    • Main Results:

    • Common polymorphisms, not rare defects, underlie susceptibility to multifactorial diseases.
    • Genetic susceptibility is often revealed or amplified by environmental triggers.
    • Susceptibility genes frequently act as response modifiers to exogenous factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene-environment interactions are key to understanding the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases.
    • Characterizing these interactions is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
    • The review focuses on three examples within the field of coronary heart disease (CHD).