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Factors affecting the usefulness of impenetrable interface element borders.

J Shawn Farris1, Keith S Jones, Brent A Anders

  • 1Department of Psychology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.

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Placing graphical user interface targets near screen edges with impenetrable borders speeds up selection. This effect plateaus at specific target sizes and distances, offering practical design insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Usability Engineering
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research by Walker and Smelcer (1990) indicated that menu selection times decrease when menus are placed adjacent to the screen edge.
  • This phenomenon is attributed to the creation of an impenetrable border that limits mouse cursor movement.
  • This concept was extended to predict faster selection times for graphical user interface (GUI) targets using similar impenetrable borders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test the hypothesis that impenetrable borders enhance the selection speed of GUI targets.
  • To quantify the speed advantage conferred by impenetrable borders.
  • To investigate the generalizability of this effect across different target types and approach angles.

Main Methods:

  • Four experimental studies were conducted using a web browser interface.
  • The primary dependent variable was target selection time.
  • Independent variables included the presence of an impenetrable border versus a 1-pixel gap, target height, and target distance from the screen edge.

Main Results:

  • Targets with impenetrable borders were consistently selected faster than those with a 1-pixel gap.
  • The speed advantage reached an asymptote around 283 ms for target heights of 2.00 cm and distances of 3.50 cm.
  • The observed benefits generalized across various angles of mouse cursor approach.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the prediction that impenetrable borders improve GUI target selection speed.
  • The study identifies optimal parameters for target placement to maximize speed benefits.
  • Results have direct implications for the design and modification of GUIs to enhance user efficiency.