Dermatological perspectives of malignant melanoma

Early recognition and treatment of thin cutaneous melanoma have contributed to a decreased case-fatality rate over the past 60 years. The only known preventive measure for melanoma is sun protection in childhood, which directly affects the number of melanocytic nevi developing as an adult. Additional melanoma risk factors, clinical features, and malignant potential of precursor lesions are discussed. The four major clinicopathologic subtypes of melanoma are described, with recommendations for appropriate biopsy techniques for suspected melanoma. Nationwide skin cancer screenings by dermatologists and greater public awareness of the warning signs of melanoma have enhanced detection of early melanoma, and promoted chances for cure.