Should we be performing more combined hematopoietic stem cell plus solid organ transplants?

Area of Science:

• Medicine
• Transplantation Immunology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Bone marrow and solid organ transplants (SOTs) are critical life-saving interventions for various diseases.
• Dual transplant strategies are increasingly explored for patients with complex medical conditions requiring both organ replacement and hematologic reconstitution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize the existing literature on dual bone marrow and solid organ transplant (SOT) experiences.
• To assess patient outcomes and survival rates following combined transplant procedures.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on patients who received both bone marrow and solid organ transplants.
• Data on patient demographics, transplant sequences (SOT followed by bone marrow, bone marrow followed by SOT, or simultaneous transplants), and survival outcomes were extracted and analyzed.

Main Results:

• The review identified 52 patients who underwent combined bone marrow and SOTs.
• Of these, 37 patients received a SOT after a previous hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
• At follow-up periods ranging from 3 months to 8 years, 37 out of 52 patients were reported alive, indicating significant survival in this complex patient cohort.

Conclusions:

• Combined bone marrow and solid organ transplantation represents a viable therapeutic option for select patients.
• Establishing a dedicated registry for dual transplant data collection is recommended to improve long-term follow-up and enhance future patient survival outcomes.